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On the function of humic acid and its relationship with soil

点击量:1302发表时间:2024-01-29 16:05:26

What is humic acid?

Humic acid is a macromolecular organic substance widely existing in nature, widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine and health, environmental protection and other fields. Especially now to promote the construction of ecological agriculture, pollution-free agricultural production, green food, pollution-free environmental protection, but also make humic acid highly respected. It has been proved that humic acid is indispensable for human life and survival.

2. Formation and description

Humic acid is the remains of plants and animals, mainly the remains of plants, through the decomposition and transformation of microorganisms, as well as a series of geochemical processes caused and accumulated organic substances. It's a staggering amount, trillions of tons. Rivers, lakes, seas, soil, coal mines, most of the earth has traces of it. Because of its widespread existence, it also has a great impact on the earth, involving carbon cycling, mineral migration and accumulation, soil fertility, ecological balance and so on. Soil contains the largest total amount of humic acid, but the content in it is less than 1% on average, and the total amount contained in brackish water is not small, but the concentration is lower.

The most promising sources of humic acid for exploitation are low-calorific value coals such as peat, lignite and weathered coal. Among them, the humic acid content is 10-80%. China's coal reserves are very rich, according to the data, there are 5 billion tons of peat, lignite 126.5 billion tons, weathered coal has not yet statistical data. In this sense, the production and application of humic acid can also be said to be an aspect of coal chemical industry.

The basic structure of humic acid macromolecule is aromatic ring and lipid ring, which are connected with carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, quinone group, methoxy group and other functional groups.

Third, what are its characteristics?

1. Can coordinate the contradiction between water and air. Soil with aggregate structure, due to the increase of large pores between the grains, greatly improve the soil permeability, easy to accept rainfall and irrigation water. Water infiltrates into the soil through the macropores and gradually enters the capillary pores inside the aggregates, filling the interior of the aggregates with water. The excess water continues to permeate the soil layer below, reducing surface runoff and erosion. Therefore, this soil is not like clay, which does not permeate water, and does not retain water like sand. Make the lump into a "small reservoir". When water seeps through the pores, air can be replenished. There is enough air between the aggregates, and the water is stored inside the aggregates, so that the contradiction between water and air is solved, and it is suitable for the needs of crop growth. After rain or irrigation, the surface soil water of the aggregate structure will also evaporate. After the surface particles dry, they are cut off from the lower particles, forming an isolation layer, so that the lower water can not be transported upward by capillary action and evaporated, and the water can be preserved.

2. Can coordinate the contradiction between the consumption and accumulation of soil nutrients. The soil with aggregate structure has sufficient oxygen supply in the large pores between the aggregates, and vigorous activity of aerophilic microorganisms. Therefore, the organic matter on the surface of the aggregates can decompose quickly and the nutrient supply is sufficient, which can be used by plants. The lack of air in the small pores of the aggregates leads to anaerobic decomposition, the decomposition of organic matter is slow and the nutrients are preserved. The faster the decomposition of the outside of the lump, the more anaerobic the inside of the lump, the slower the decomposition. Therefore, the soil of the aggregate structure is gradually decomposed from the outer layer of the aggregate to the inner layer to release nutrients, so that on the one hand, it can continuously supply nutrients to the plants, on the other hand, it can make the nutrients inside the aggregate accumulate, and have the role of "small fertilizer bank".

3. It can keep the soil temperature relatively constant. Because there is more water stored inside the aggregates, the temperature change is small, so the temperature of the whole soil layer is lower than that of the sandy soil without water retention during the day, but higher than that of the sandy soil at night. Stable soil temperature is conducive to plant growth.

4. Improve tillage and develop crop roots. The soil with aggregate structure has low viscosity, loose and easy tillage, and the suitable tillage period is long, and the root penetration resistance is small, which is conducive to hair roots. Humic acid is an organic colloidal substance consisting of very small spherical particles formed in a linear or grape-like form, forming loose spongy aggregates. It has adhesive properties and is the main binder of soil. However, it is less cohesive than the soil, so it makes the soil loose. Humic acid can directly form humic acid-clay complex with clay minerals in the soil, which forms a flocculent colloid with calcium, iron and aluminum in the soil, cementation the dispersed soil particles together to form a "water-stable aggregate structure", that is, stable aggregates that are not easy to loose in contact with water. Humic acid substances can increase the activity of fungi in soil, mycelium can entrench soil particles, mycelium transformation products and some bacterial secretions, such as polysaccharides, amino sugars, etc., can also bond soil particles, enhance the water stability of soil aggregate structure and improve its erosion resistance. Soil with aggregate structure has good ventilation, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide gas required by crops can be smoothly exchanged, which is conducive to seed rooting, germination and growth. Moreover, the water preserved in this aggregate structure is more difficult to volatilize under natural conditions, so the soil moisture retention ability is greatly improved.

5. Improve the buffer performance of soil and improve the soil environment. Humic acid is a weak acid. It interacts with potassium, sodium, ammonium and other monovalent cations to form weak acids that dissolve in water. Humic acid and its salts together form a buffer solution, when the acidic or alkaline substances from the outside enter the soil, it can maintain the pH of the soil solution to a certain extent, and ensure that the crops grow in a relatively stable acid-base balance environment. In acidic soil, the concentration of hydrogen ions is large, and there are many iron and aluminum oxides. Applying rotting fertilizer, humic acid integrates with iron and aluminum ions, releasing hydrogen and oxygen ions and neutralizing the hydrogen ions in the soil solution, thus reducing the acidity of the soil. In alkaline soil, sodium carbonate harms the growth of crops, the application of rot fertilizer, sodium carbonate and humic acid calcium, magnesium, iron salts react, thus reducing the alkalinity of the soil. The reaction product sodium humate is also a crop growth stimulant. In addition, the application of rotting fertilizer in saline-alkali soil, on the one hand, changes the soil surface structure, cuts off the capillary, destroys the condition of salt rise, plays a "salt-isolating role", reduces the salt accumulation in the soil surface; On the other hand, the sodium ion in soil solution is absorbed into humic acid colloid to reduce the harm of sodium ion to crops by playing the characteristics of large humic acid substitution.

6. Under the action of humic acid substances, the water stable aggregate structure formed can retain water, fertilizer, moisture and pH. It is an ideal balanced system of compensatory substances. This balanced system is also suitable for a variety of beneficial microorganisms, allowing them to flourish. At the same time, probiotics decompose a large amount of organic matter in soil, interact with air, soil and water, and generate a large amount of organic matter, which significantly increases the content of organic matter in soil. The content of organic matter is the main index to measure the quality of soil. Due to the formation of a microecological balance system, the soil has an inhibitory effect on harmful microorganisms and pests.

In short, the application of humic acid after the soil, can form a dynamic, full of vitality, suitable for cultivation of high-quality soil


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